Tennessee is located in the Southeastern region of the United States. It was the sixteenth state in America, becoming a state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee in the thirty-sixth largest and sixteenth most populous state in America. The state capital is Nashville and the largest city, Memphis. Tennessee's bordering states are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina and Virginia. Its major rivers are the Tennessee River, Mississippi River, Cumberland River, Clinch River and Duck River and its major lakes are Kentucky Lake, Norris Lake, Chickamauga Lake, Cherokee Lake and Tims Ford Reservoir. In the early 19th-century, Tennessee was home to some of American history's most colorful political figures, including Davy Crockett, Andrew Jackson, and Sam Houston.
The name Tennessee came from a Cherokee village in the region that is called 'Tanas'. The state nickname, 'The Volunteer State', originated during the War of 1812, in which the volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, serving under Gen. Andrew Jackson, displayed marked valor in the Battle of New Orleans. The state also has many other nicknames including 'Big Bend State', 'Hog and Hominy State' and 'The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen'. The state bird is the Mockingbird, the state flower is the Iris and the state motto, 'Agriculture and Commerce before Statehood'. The state flag which was adopted in 1905, is made up of a red background with a margin and a blue fringe on the right side. In the center of the flag, banded by a white circle, is a blue circle with three white stars. Each of the stars represents the three different geographical regions of Tennessee: the Great Smoky Mountains, the highlands and the lowlands.
The land, which is now Tennessee, was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The first Europeans to the land came in three separate expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Once these white people arrived, life for the natives was not the same. The new settlers forcibly displaced these natives to the south and west parts of the land. The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was Fort Loudoun designed by John William Gerard de Brahm.
In the late 1780's, eight counties of western North Carolina separated from the state and attempted to create the State of Franklin, which they hoped would be admitted into the Union. Unfortunately, their attempt was futile and by 1790 the counties rejoined the state of North Carolina. Finally, in 1796, Tennessee was admitted into the Union. It was the first state to be created from land under owned by the United State federal government. About forty years later, approximately 17, 000 Cherokees and 2,000 black slaves were uprooted from their land in Eastern Tennessee to the Indian Territory west of Arkansas. On this journey quite a few thousand Cherokees died.
In 1861, Tennessee seceded the Union and joined the Confederate States. Throughout the American civil war, many battles were fought in Tennessee with most of them being won by the Union forces. The primary reason for the Confederate defeats was largely owed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee during this time. Not long after this, when Tennessee was still under Confederate rule but mostly held by Union forces, Emancipation Proclamation was announced. However, Tennessee was not included in this Emancipation hence, enslaved African Americans escaped to Union lines to gain freedom. In the remaining duration of the war, many of these former slaves fought with the Union against the Confederates. Following the war, Tennessee was the first state to be readmitted into the Union and in 1865, the slaves remaining in Tennessee were granted emancipation.
In 1920, Tennessee became the thirty-sixth and final state to provide women with the right to vote. However, African Americans and many poor whites were not provided with the opportunity to vote until after passage of national civil rights legislation.
Tennessee is the birthplace of country music, and has played a critical role in the development of rock and roll and early blues music. Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues. The city was also home to Sun Records where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers.
Tennessee's major industries consist of coal mining, electrical power, enriched uranium production, music, automobile manufacturing, farming of tobacco, cattle, soybeans and cotton, walking horses and tourism. The major outputs include textiles, cotton, cattle, and electrical power. Tennessee is well known for the location of a large manufacturing facility owned by Nissan, which was established in 1982 in Smyrna.
The majority of the state enjoys a humid subtropical climate. However, in the Appalachians, the higher elevations experience a mountain temperate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The state's summers are generally quite hot and the winters, nice and cool. Tennessee's location makes it a likely target to be impacted by tropical cyclones in nearby lands. Some of the common natural conditions in the state include winter storms, tornadoes, thunderstorms and fog.
Tennessee is home to some 6.2 million Americans. The center of population is located in Rutherford County, in the city of Murfreesboro. Due to the low cost of living in the state and the healthcare, Tennessee has been flocked with people who a relocating to the state from California and Florida. The major religions in the state are Christian and Baptist. There are many small minorities including Judaism, Roman Catholic and Lutheran.
Tennessee boasts many attractions for its large amount of tourists. The top rated sites are Dinosaur Walk Museum, Elvis Museum, Museum of Salt and Pepper Shakers and the International Towing and Recovery Museum. Tennessee also has a large amount of outdoor recreation including whitewater rafting, hiking, mountain biking, rock climbing, hang gliding, ropes courses, fishing, kayaking, canoeing and rappelling.
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